Video ... how to construct inkudu gunta or rain water harvesting pit

Rain water harvesting Training Course in Hyderabad, India

Rain India is starting a 30 days rain-water-harvesting course from July 1st 2020. We are welcoming students from all over India.

 1. Course is Residential.
We provide food, acommodation also.
 2. Qualification is 12th Class pass with minimum of 50%.
 3. Medium of laungage is English.
 4. Age limit is 18 to 35.
 5. Theory and Practicals covered.

How to Revive a RWH Pit

Maintaining a Rain Water Harvesting Pit is very easy 
Explained in 3D - Front View

Picture 1 # is a rain water harvesting pit on day one. Its when constructed. All layers are clear.

Picture 2 is after few rains. When we see the cross section of sand we can observe that
silt is mixed with sand. Silt is a chocolaty layer that stops the rain water to seep.

Sand Layer Silted - Closeup

Picture 3 explains all the sub layers in sand layer in closeup.

Layer 1 # Pure silt - mud + garbage + dead live plants, plastic

Layer 2 # silt / mud mixed with sand. ( 80% silt + 20% sand)

The above layers 1 & 2 have to be removed completely

Layer 3, 4 # Silty water mixed with sand. You can wash the sand and reuse

Picture 4 is RWH pit (top view in practical.)

Picture 5 suggests a silt trap to be constructed for an existing RWH pit.
By adding silt trap we can decrease the frequency of maintenance task. Absorption Power of the Pit will also increase.

Silt trap is a simple cement tank or plastic drum of size 200 litre


Sizes are : length is 14 to 18 inches. width 12 to 16 inches. Depth is 4 feet. Bottom should not be cemented. So leftover water will be seeped in a day.
How silt trap works. We have to release rain water into this tank first
All heavy particles, objects and silt will be settled in silt trap. Then
semi pure water will go to RWH. Cleaning Silt trap is easier than cleaning RWH pit.




Few tips and suggestions to public

1. Keep the roof and surroundings clean as much as possible.

2. These days it is raining 10 months in an year. So its better to keep the RWH Pit ready always. 3. If RWH is on road then construct a small dam-like breaker to guide water into pit.Just 2 to 3 inches height is also enough so that its not a trouble to vehicles. ratio of height x breadth is 1:12.
4. Keep a sign mentioning that its a RWH Pit. Not a garbage pit. 5. Even if you constructed your pit 20 years back you can repair and make it like new within few thousands.Gold is inside the earth you have to sharpen.
6. Because ground in urban areas is very dry and we created vacuum in the aquifers by extracting the ground water,even a small pit with a size of 2'x2'x6' can seep lot of water in small houses. (in case there is no space)
7. If you don't have a recharge pit in your colony till now, you can plan and pool up for a big pit for anacre at lowest point in that acre. A properly constructed pit can absorb water in an acre or more. Maintaining big pit is easy



If public has any doubts they can join in my telegram group "rainindia" or telegram channels of Rain India.
Telegram Channel https://t.me/rainindia. Telegram Channel in telugu https://t.me/inkudugunta
Ranga Prasad, Project Head, Rain India Project, Gachibowli, Hyd, T.S

recommendations on rain water harvesting

To General Public

1. Roof Top Rain water 

need to be directed to sump with the help of a filter

or to be directed to lawn open space or non paved area or rwh pit outside the house.

But should not be left into drainage.

2. A rwh pit preferebly should be constructed outside the house

Because All roofs in a colony is 20 % only. Roads, and other open areas together is 80%.

3. If an individual cant afford to construct, a group of 4 to 8 houses can construct a bigger pit. All houses will be benefitted

4. If a colony is 30 acres, 30 big pits are enough to capture rain in this 30 acres. ( 10 injection wells, 20 percolation pits). All the houses need to divert water into road side. But not into sewer drainage.

5. A silt trap is a must for every rwh pit. (10% of volume of main PIT). All old / existing pits need to be added with a small silt trap.

6. An rwh need to be maintained once after every 2 rains. ( rainy season :: monthly 3 times, non rainy season monthly once)

To Government

1. A rain water harvesting department should be started in hwmssb for implementation. Right now only one employee is there and limited for site selection only.

2. GHMC / HMWSSB should collect data from all the houses if a each house has RWH pit or not.

3. For each ward of GHMC must have trained people to construct RWH.  Employment can be generated too.

4. Govt should talk to banks to provide loan for rwh.

5. Govt Should start strictly implementing rwh on bigger gated communities, high rise buildings immediately. They are extensively squeezing the ground water.

6. Save the existing lakes and construct small lakes in govt lands. Should encorage all institutions with huge lands to construct small lakes. building a lake is more easy and economical than constructing rwh. It will beautify the area too.

7. Govt should start a one week - to - 1 year diploma course on RWH, sanitation and other water issues. This subject should be added to relevent existing courses like btech civil.

8. Leftover construction debris all over the city is a big problem for rain water infiltration. These days robo dust is being used instead of river sand for construction. Both of these to be cleared after construction activity to effective recharge of rain water in the surroundings.

RAINWATER HARVESTING THEME PARK in Hyderabad

ABOUT RAINWATER HARVESTING THEME PARK
RAIN WATER HARVESTING THEME PARK UNIQUE KIND OF PARK LOCATED ROAD NO : 51 , JUBILEE HILLS TO PROMOTE RAINWATER HARVESTING AND ALSO CREATE AWARENESS TO CITIZENS ,NGO’S AND SCHOOLS CHILDREN’S ON VARIOUS WATER HARVESTING METHODS. RAIN WATER HARVESTING THEME PARK CONSISTING OF MORE THAN 40 INTERVENTIONS ON THE THEME OF WATER CONSERVATION, RAINWATER HARVESTING, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, WATER TREATMENT AND SEWERAGE TREATMENT.
THERE IS ONE INFORMATION CENTER IN THE THEME PARK, CONSISTING THREE BLOCKS.



DISPLAY GALLERY

CONSISTING OF DISPLAY CHARTS ON WATER CONSERVATION,
RAINWATER HARVESTING,
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE,
WATER TREATMENT AND SEWERAGE TREATMENT
LIVE WEATHER MONITORING STATION ETC.


ANIMATION CENTER
CONSIST OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ON THE PROCESS OF WATER TREATMENT AND SEWERAGE TREATMENT, VIRTUAL REALITY SHOW ON WATER DROP JOURNEY FROM THE SOURCE TO HYDERABAD IN 3D, VIDEO GAMES ON RWH TALKING TREE ON RAIN FOREST.


AUDITORIUM
SHORT FILMS ON WATER DROP JOURNEY ON 2D AND RAINWATER HARVESTING ETC

RAINWATER HARVESTING THEME PARK VISIT - INSTRUCTIONS

DO'S
1) FREE ENTRY FOR THE STUDENTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, CITIZENS AND SENIOR CITIZENS ETC.,  WHO ARE INTERESTED TO KNOW ABOUT WATER CONSERVATION / RAINWATER HARVESTING TO THE RWH THEME PARK.
2) REGISTER ON LINE TO TAKE PERMISSION TO VISIT TO RWH THEME PARK AND BOOK SLOT DULY FURNISHING ALL REQUIRED  INFORMATION.
3) EVERY SUNDAY IS WORKING DAY AND MONDAY IS HOLIDAY TO THE PARK.
4) TIMINGS OF RWH THEME PARK ARE 10.00AM TO 12.00NOON AND 2.00PM TO 4.00PM.
5) EACH BATCH SHOULD CONSIST OF 50MEMBERS AND LESSER THAN IT.
6) CARE TAKERS / TEACHERS SHOULD ACCOMPANY FOR EVERY 10 / 15STUDENTS.
7) DRINKING WATER AND DUST BINS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE PARK.
8) WALK ON WALKING PATHS ONLY.
9) TWO WASH ROOMS (ONE FOR MALE AND ONE FOR FEMALE) ARE AVAILABLE IN THE LUCAFE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE PARK.
DONT'S

1) DON’T SPOIL THE PLANTS BY PLUCKING THE LEAVES OR FLOWERS IN THE PARK.
2) NO EATABLES ARE ALLOWED INSIDE AND DON’T THROW WASTE INSIDE THE PARK.
3) DON’T WALK AND SIT IN THE LAWNS.
4) SPITTING OF PAN / CHEWING GUM OR ANY UNWANTED MATERIAL AND SMOKING ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED IN THE PARK AREA.
5) DON’T BRING PET ANIMALS INSIDE THE PARK.
6) DON’T TOUCH ANY INSTRUMENT OR ANY MATERIAL INSIDE.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting – Broadly there are two ways of harvesting rainwater

Surface runoff harvesting

Roof top rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. These stored waters are used for various purposes such as gardening, irrigation etc. Various methods of rainwater harvesting are described in this section.

1. Surface runoff harvesting

In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods.

Roof Top rainwater harvesting

It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. It can either be stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the ground water level of the area.

2.1 Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting

The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:

Catchments

Transportation

First flush

Filter

Catchments

The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the harvesting system.

Transportation

Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.

First Flush

First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will also help in cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons Provisions of first rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe.

Filter

There is always some skepticism regarding Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting since doubts are raised that rainwater may contaminate groundwater. There is remote possibility of this fear coming true if proper filter mechanism is not adopted. Secondly all care must be taken to see that underground sewer drains are not punctured and no leakage is taking place in close vicinity. Filters are used fro treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing of rainfall, water should pass through filters. A gravel, sand and ‘netlon’ mesh filter is designed and placed on top of thestorage tank. This filter is very important in keeping the rainwater in the storage tank

clean. It removes silt, dust, leaves and other organic matter from entering the storage tank. The filter media should be cleaned daily after every rainfall event. Clogged filters prevent rainwater from easily entering the storage tank and the filter may overflow. The sand or gravel media should be taken out and washed before it is replaced in the filter.

There are different types of filters in practice, but basic function is to purify water. Different types of filters are described in this section.

a) Sand Gravel Filter

These are commonly used filters, constructed by brick masonry and filleted by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in the figure. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh.

Charcoal Filter

Charcoal filter can be made in-situ or in a drum. Pebbles, gravel, sand and charcoal as shown in the figure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any.

PVC –Pipe filter

This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1.20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is divided into three compartments by wire mesh. Each component should be filled with gravel and sand alternatively as shown in the figure. A layer of charcoal could also be inserted between two layers. Both ends of filter should have reduce of required size to connect inlet and outlet. This filter could be placed horizontally or vertically in the system.

Sponge Filter

It is a simple filter made from PVC drum having a layer of sponge in the middle of drum. It is the easiest and cheapest form filter, suitable for residential units.

2.2 Methods of roof top rainwater harvesting

Various methods of using roof top rainwater harvesting are illustrated in this section.

a) Storage of Direct Use

In this method rain water collected from the roof of the building is diverted to a storage tank. The storage tank has to be designed according to the water requirements, rainfall and catchment availability. Each drainpipe should have mesh filter at mouth and first flush device followed by filtration system before connecting to the storage tank. It is advisable that each tank should have excess water over flow system.

Excess water could be diverted to recharge system. Water from storage tank can be used for secondary purposes such as washing and gardening etc. This is the most cost effective way of rainwater harvesting. The main advantage of collecting and using the rainwater during rainy season is not only to save water from conventional sources, but also to save energy incurred on transportation and distribution of water at the doorstep. This also conserves groundwater, if it is being extracted to meet the demand when rains are on.

b) Recharging ground water aquifers

Ground water aquifers can be recharged by various kinds of structures to ensure percolation of rainwater in the ground instead of draining away from the surface. Commonly used recharging methods are:-

a)         Recharging of bore wells

b)         Recharging of dug wells.

c)         Recharge pits

d)         Recharge Trenches

e)         Soak ways or Recharge Shafts

f)          Percolation Tanks

c) Recharging of bore wells

Rainwater collected from rooftop of the building is diverted through drainpipes to settlement or filtration tank. After settlement filtered water is diverted to bore wells to recharge deep aquifers. Abandoned bore wells can also be used for recharge.

Optimum capacity of settlement tank/filtration tank can be designed on the basis of area of catchement, intensity of rainfall and recharge rate. While recharging, entry of floating matter and silt should be restricted because it may clog the recharge structure. First one or two shower should be flushed out through rain separator to avoid contamination.

d)Recharge pits

Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular, square or circular, contracted with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. Top of pit can be covered with perforated covers. Bottom of pit should be filled with filter media.

The capacity of the pit can be designed on the basis of catchment area, rainfall intensity and recharge rate of soil. Usually the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to 2 m width and 2 to 3 m deep depending on the depth of pervious strata. These pits are suitable for recharging of shallow aquifers, and small houses.

e) Soak way or Recharge shafts

Soak away or recharge shafts are provided where upper layer of soil is alluvial or less pervious. These are bored hole of 30 cm dia. up to 10 to 15 m deep, depending on depth of  pervious layer. Bore should be lined with slotted/perforated PVC/MS pipe to prevent collapse of the vertical sides. At the top of soak away required size sump is constructed to retain runoff before the filters through soak away. Sump should be filled with filter media.

f) Recharging of dug wells

Dug well can be used as recharge structure. Rainwater from the rooftop is diverted to dug wells after passing it through filtration bed. Cleaning and desalting of dug well should be done regularly to enhance the recharge rate. The filtration method suggested for bore well recharging could be used.

g)Recharge trenches

Recharge trench in provided where upper impervious layer of  soil is shallow. It is a trench excavated on the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbats. it is usually made for harvesting the surface runoff. Bore wells can also be provided inside the trench as recharge shafts to enhance percolation. The length of the trench is decided as per the amount of runoff expected. This method is suitable for small houses, playgrounds, parks and roadside drains. The recharge trench can be of size 0.50 to 1.0 m wide and 1.0 to 1.5 m deep.

h) Percolation tank

Percolation tanks are artificially created surface water bodies, submerging a land area with adequate permeability to facilitate sufficient percolation to recharge the ground water. These can be built in big campuses where land is available and topography is suitable.

Surface run-off and roof top water can be diverted to this tank. Water accumulating in the tank percolates in the solid to augment the ground water. The stored water can be used directly for gardening and raw use. Percolation tanks should be built in gardens, open spaces and roadside green belts of urban area.